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Association of Alcohol Consumption with Impaired Beta-Cell Function Independent of Body Mass Index Among Indian Men 印度男性饮酒与 Beta 细胞功能受损之间的关系与体重指数无关
Azerbaijan Pharmaceutical and Pharmacotherapy J
Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.61336/appj/22-2-26
Asit Kumar Mallick Mallick, Deepak Kumar Swain, Aditya Narayan Sahu, Sankarsan Das
Heavy alcohol consumption is linked to the development of type 2 diabetes. Alcohol's effects on the function of cells are not completely known at this time. This investigation looked into the relationships that exist between all of these different characteristics. All of the males who participated in this study were of Indian descent, and their ages ranged anywhere from 25 to 80 years old. Participants were categorized as abstainers, teetotalers, light drinkers (drinking between 0.1 and 20 grams of alcohol per day), moderate drinkers (consuming between 21.0 and 40 grams of alcohol per day), or heavy drinkers (consuming more than 41 grams of alcohol per day). Light drinkers consumed between 0.1 and 20 grams of alcohol per day. Moderate drinkers consumed between 21.0 and 40 kilos of alcohol per day. Heavy drinkers used more than 41 grams of alcohol per day. After that, the participants were separated into two groups: those with a body mass index (BMI) of less than 25 kilograms per square meter and those with a BMI of 25 kilograms per square meter or more. A number of parameters, such as age, smoking status, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, lipids, and serum uric acid levels, were taken into consideration. In comparison to individuals who refrained from alcohol use, those who drank alcohol had a lower HOMA- score, and this was the case independent of their body mass index. In the group with a BMI of less than 25 (kg/m^{2}), both past and current alcohol use were substantially connected with HOMA-IR. However, this association was not seen in the group with a BMI of more than 25 (kg/m^{2}). According to the results of multiple research, drinking alcohol is associated with -cell dysfunction in boys of Indian heritage, independent of the BMI of the participants in the studies.
大量饮酒与 2 型糖尿病的发病有关。酒精对细胞功能的影响目前还不完全清楚。这项调查研究了所有这些不同特征之间的关系。参与这项研究的所有男性都是印第安人后裔，年龄从 25 岁到 80 岁不等。参与者被分为禁酒者、嗜酒者、轻度饮酒者（每天饮酒量在 0.1 至 20 克之间）、中度饮酒者（每天饮酒量在 21.0 至 40 克之间）或重度饮酒者（每天饮酒量超过 41 克）。轻度饮酒者每天摄入 0.1 至 20 克酒精。中度饮酒者每天的酒精消耗量在 21.0 至 40 千克之间。重度饮酒者每天的酒精摄入量超过 41 克。之后，参与者被分为两组：体重指数（BMI）小于每平方米 25 千克的人和体重指数大于或等于每平方米 25 千克的人。研究考虑了一系列参数，如年龄、吸烟状况、体重指数（BMI）、腰围、血压、血脂和血清尿酸水平。与不饮酒的人相比，饮酒者的 HOMA 评分较低，且与体重指数无关。在体重指数低于25（kg/m^{2}/）的人群中，过去和现在饮酒都与HOMA-IR有很大关系。然而，在体重指数超过25（kg/m^{2}）的人群中，这种联系并不明显。根据多项研究结果，饮酒与印度裔男孩的-细胞功能障碍有关，与研究参与者的体重指数无关。
引用次数: 0
Exploring the Clinical Characteristics of Inguinal Hernia Patients: A Comprehensive Study 探究腹股沟疝气患者的临床特征：综合研究
Azerbaijan Pharmaceutical and Pharmacotherapy J
Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.61336/appj/22-2-09
Thopucherla Bharavi, H. B. Janugade, Sudireddy Parthasaradhi Reddy
The prevalence of inguinal hernias varies globally, likely influenced by factors such as the age distribution of the population, access to surgical care, and the risk of complications from hernias. Worldwide, inguinal hernias contribute significantly to mortality, with more than 60,000 people succumbing to hernia-related complications each year.Patients displaying clinical signs of inguinal hernias were admitted and underwent a comprehensive evaluation, including a detailed medical history and physical examination, as well as standard diagnostic tests such as complete blood count, blood sugar assessment, serum creatinine measurement, chest X-rays, and ECGs.Among the cases included in this study, approximately 50% presented with a noticeable swelling within 2 to 6 months after its initial onset. Roughly 25% sought medical attention between 6 to 12 months after the onset of symptoms, while around 15% delayed seeking medical care for over a year after the swelling first appeared. In terms of hernia types, indirect inguinal hernias accounted for 72.67% of the total cases in the study, with the remaining 27.33% classified as direct inguinal hernias.
腹股沟疝气的发病率在全球范围内各不相同，可能受到人口年龄分布、手术治疗机会和疝气并发症风险等因素的影响。有腹股沟疝气临床症状的患者入院后都要接受全面评估，包括详细的病史和体格检查，以及标准诊断测试，如全血细胞计数、血糖评估、血清肌酐测量、胸部 X 光检查和心电图。约 25% 的患者在症状出现后 6 至 12 个月内就医，约 15% 的患者在肿胀首次出现后一年多才就医。就疝气类型而言，间接性腹股沟疝气占研究病例总数的 72.67%，其余 27.33% 属于直接性腹股沟疝气。
引用次数: 0
Aerobic Brain Metabolism, Body Temperature, Oxygen, Fetal Oxygen Supply and Fetal Movement Dynamics as Factors in Stillbirth and Neonatal Encephalopathy: Invention Review 死产和新生儿脑病的有氧脑代谢、体温、氧气、胎儿供氧和胎动动态因素：发明回顾
Azerbaijan Pharmaceutical and Pharmacotherapy J
Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.61336/appj/22-2-24 See Also144 Sugarwood Blvd, Houma, LA 70360 owner and property records
N. Urakova, Aleksandr Urakov, Varvara Sokolova, Petr Shabanov
Introduction: To date, there is no systematic review dedicated to the study of inventions that have not yet been introduced into clinical practice, but are devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, modeling and treatment of fetal intrauterine hypoxia. Hypoxic damage to fetal brain cells still remains an unsolved problem of obstetrics and gynecology. Methods: 27 inventions were found from the beginning of the 21st century to 26.08.2023 in databases such as EAPATIS, BYPATENTS, DWPI, DEPATISnet, PATENTSCOPE, Espacenet, RUPTO, USPTO, CIPO, CNIPA, KIPRIS, PatSearch, J-PlatPat, Google Patents and TPO. Due to the small number of inventions, methodological heterogeneity, and differences in the content of their claims, a quantitative meta-analysis could not be performed. Results: Prospects for innovative obstetric care proposals aimed at improving fetal viability in hypoxia during pregnancy and delivery were analyzed. Results of the included studies were presented only qualitatively (descriptively). Conclusion: Fetal resistance to impending labor hypoxia has not been previously investigated, so values of low fetal resistance to intrauterine hypoxia are still not among the indications for the use of excess oxygen and the choice of Cesarean section to exclude stillbirth and neonatal encephalopathy. The first systematic review of published inventions shows innovative ways of assessing fetal adaptive reserves to hypoxia, oxygen and apnea administration, and selecting the optimal timing and type of delivery to prevent stillbirth and neonatal encephalopathy.
导言：迄今为止，还没有系统的综述专门研究那些尚未应用于临床，但致力于诊断、预防、模拟和治疗胎儿宫内缺氧的发明。胎儿脑细胞的缺氧性损伤仍是妇产科尚未解决的问题。方法：在 EAPATIS、BYPATENTS、DWPI、DEPATISnet、PATENTSCOPE、Espacenet、RUPTO、USPTO、CIPO、CNIPA、KIPRIS、PatSearch、J-PlatPat、Google Patents 和 TPO 等数据库中找到了 21 世纪初至 2023 年 8 月 26 日的 27 项发明。由于发明数量少、方法不统一以及权利要求内容的差异，无法进行定量荟萃分析。结果分析了旨在提高孕期和分娩时缺氧情况下胎儿存活率的创新产科护理建议的前景。纳入研究的结果仅以定性（描述性）的方式呈现。结论胎儿对临产缺氧的抵抗力此前尚未进行过调查，因此胎儿对宫内缺氧的低抵抗力值仍不属于使用过量氧气和选择剖宫产以排除死胎和新生儿脑病的指征。首次对已发表的发明进行系统回顾，显示了评估胎儿对缺氧、给氧和呼吸暂停的适应储备，以及选择最佳分娩时机和类型以预防死产和新生儿脑病的创新方法。
引用次数: 0
Exploring Serum Lipid Profile Changes in Patients During Laparoscopic Choecystectomy 探索腹腔镜胆囊切除术期间患者血清脂质谱的变化
Azerbaijan Pharmaceutical and Pharmacotherapy J
Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.61336/appj/22-2-13
Vegita Chandra, A. Y. Kshirsagar, Satyajeet Janugade
Background: For quite some time, cholecystectomy has been perceived as a safe surgical procedure, often with limited attention given to potential secondary effects. It's worth noting that the gallbladder plays a significant role as a regulatory component in coordination with vital metabolic pathways responsible for maintaining equilibrium in the body. When the gallbladder is removed, bile from the liver flows directly into the upper portion of the intestine. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the impact of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on the serum lipid profile of patients. Material and methods: A total of 60 patients diagnosed with gallstones were enrolled in this study. Preoperative blood samples were collected from all patients under sterile conditions, two hours prior to their scheduled surgery, to evaluate their lipid profile. Results: The preoperative mean Total Cholesterol (TC) levels were measured at 160.5 mg%, while postoperatively, they showed a slight decrease to 150.8 mg%. Similarly, the mean High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels before surgery were 42.1 mg%, and they decreased to 40.8 mg% after the procedure. In contrast, the mean Triglyceride (TG) levels saw an increase from 180.8 mg% preoperatively to 200.8 mg% postoperatively. Notably, the comparison of mean TC and TG levels before and after the surgery yielded significant results, indicating changes in these lipid parameters following laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Conclusion: Patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy experience noteworthy changes in their serum lipid profile.
背景：长期以来，胆囊切除术一直被认为是一种安全的外科手术，人们往往对其潜在的副作用关注有限。值得注意的是，胆囊在协调负责维持体内平衡的重要代谢途径方面发挥着重要的调节作用。切除胆囊后，肝脏中的胆汁会直接流入肠道上部。因此，本研究旨在评估腹腔镜胆囊切除术对患者血清脂质状况的影响。材料和方法本研究共纳入 60 名确诊为胆结石的患者。在无菌条件下，于预定手术前两小时采集所有患者的术前血样，以评估其血脂状况。结果显示术前测得的平均总胆固醇（TC）水平为 160.5 mg%，术后略有下降，为 150.8 mg%。同样，术前的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）平均水平为 42.1 mg%，术后降至 40.8 mg%。相比之下，甘油三酯（TG）的平均水平则从术前的 180.8 毫克%上升到术后的 200.8 毫克%。值得注意的是，手术前后 TC 和 TG 平均水平的比较产生了显著的结果，表明腹腔镜胆囊切除术后这些血脂参数发生了变化。结论接受腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者血清脂质状况会发生显著变化。
引用次数: 0
Supportive Strategies Regarding Chocking Prevention and First Aid Maneuver Among Children 预防儿童窒息和急救措施的支持策略
Azerbaijan Pharmaceutical and Pharmacotherapy J
Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.61336/appj/22-2-23
Mahdi Abed Neamah AL Musawi, Huda Shawky Mahmud
Background: Choking is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children. Food, coins, and toys are the primary causes of choking-related injury and death. Certain characteristics, including shape, size, and consistency, of certain toys and foods increase their potential to cause choking among preschool children. It’s largely preventable with a little knowledge and by following proven guidelines. So this study aimed to investigate the effect of Supportive strategies regarding chocking prevention and first aid maneuver among preschool children. Research Design: A quasi-experimental design was utilized. Study settings: the study conducted at four governmental nursery schools in Al Kut city Research Subject: included 200 preschool children selected by stratified sample from the previously mentioned settings. Tools of the data collection: A predesigned questionnaire sheet, Observational Checklists were used pre and post supportive strategies implementation Results: Revealed that, there was a statistical significant difference (p value < 0.001) between child's knowledge and practice pre and post supportive strategies for chocking prevention Conclusion: Supportive strategies had significant effect on children’s’ knowledge and practice regarding chocking prevention and first aid maneuvers among preschool children. Recommendations: it could be recommended that, implement the designed Supportive strategies for controlling chocking to children at all nursery schools in Kut City.
背景：窒息是儿童发病和死亡的主要原因。食物、硬币和玩具是导致窒息相关伤亡的主要原因。某些玩具和食物的某些特征，包括形状、大小和稠度，增加了导致学龄前儿童窒息的可能性。只要掌握一些知识并遵循行之有效的指导原则，窒息在很大程度上是可以预防的。因此，本研究旨在调查有关学龄前儿童窒息预防和急救方法的支持性策略的效果。研究设计：采用准实验设计。研究地点：本研究在库特市的四所政府幼儿园进行 研究对象：从上述地点分层抽样选出的 200 名学龄前儿童。数据收集工具：在实施支持性策略前后使用了预先设计的问卷表和观察核对表：结果表明，在实施预防卡壳的支持性策略前后，儿童在知识和实践方面的差异有统计学意义（P 值小于 0.001）：支持性策略对学龄前儿童预防呛奶和急救方法的知识和实践具有重要影响。建议：建议库特市所有幼儿园实施所设计的控制儿童窒息的支持性策略。
引用次数: 0
Pharmacoepidemiology of drugs in glaucoma patients with comorbidities like hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2 in Pakistan 巴基斯坦患有高血压和 2 型糖尿病等并发症的青光眼患者用药的药物流行病学研究
Azerbaijan Pharmaceutical and Pharmacotherapy J
Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.61336/appj/22-2-20
Muhammad Sadiq, Mahmood Ali, Waqar Ahmad, Mir Azam Khan, Farah Akhtar
Purpose: To evaluate the prescription pattern and utilization of drugs used by glaucoma patients with comorbidities including hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2. Methods: This study was conducted at Al-Shifa trust eye hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan from April 2021 to October 2021. Data regarding patient demographics, disease profile, medications & side effects were recorded. Percent utilization of total ophthalmic, antiglaucoma, antihypertensive, and antidiabetic drugs was calculated. Comparative utilization of antiglaucoma drugs in hypertensive and diabetic patients and in pre and post-visit to glaucoma specialists was also calculated. Results: Out of 876 glaucoma patients, majority had primary open-angle glaucoma, 58.3 were males, >50 belonged to the 50-70 years age group, and 27 and 18.8 were hypertensive and diabetic respectively. In the majority of cases, 1 or 2 eye drugs were prescribed and mostly in the topical dosage form. Fixed dose combinations (33.39) mainly were prescribed in all groups and Dorzolamide + Timolol was given in almost 80 of the time. Prostaglandin analogs (29.09) were 2nd most prescribed drugs. Beta-blockers were the least prescribed in all groups. Burning of the eyes was the most common side effect of ophthalmic drugs (28). Systemic beta-blockers were most commonly utilized by hypertensive patients while sulfonylureas by diabetic patients. No prominent change was noted in pre- and post-visit utilization of antiglaucoma drugs except brinzolamide. Conclusion: This study highlights the need for rational prescribing of antiglaucoma drugs in multimorbid patients and the importance of creating awareness of pharmacological actions, drug interactions, and side effects among physicians.
目的：评估患有高血压和 2 型糖尿病等并发症的青光眼患者的处方模式和药物使用情况。方法：本研究在希法信托眼科医院进行：本研究于 2021 年 4 月至 2021 年 10 月在巴基斯坦拉瓦尔品第的希法信托眼科医院进行。记录了有关患者人口统计学、疾病概况、药物和副作用的数据。计算了眼科、抗青光眼、降压和抗糖尿病药物的总使用百分比。此外，还计算了高血压和糖尿病患者以及青光眼专科医生就诊前后抗青光眼药物使用情况的对比。结果：在 876 名青光眼患者中，大多数为原发性开角型青光眼，58.3 人为男性，超过 50 人属于 50-70 岁年龄组，高血压和糖尿病患者分别为 27 人和 18.8 人。大多数病例都处方了 1 或 2 种眼药，且大多为局部用药。所有组别的处方药主要是固定剂量复合制剂（33.39%），其中近 80% 的处方药是多佐胺+噻吗洛尔。前列腺素类似物（29.09）是第二大处方药。β-受体阻滞剂在所有组别中处方最少。眼睛灼痛是眼科药物最常见的副作用（28）。高血压患者最常使用全身性β-受体阻滞剂，而糖尿病患者则最常使用磺脲类药物。除布林佐胺外，检查前后抗青光眼药物的使用情况没有明显变化。结论本研究强调了为多病患者合理开具抗青光眼药物处方的必要性，以及提高医生对药理作用、药物相互作用和副作用认识的重要性。
引用次数: 0
Ambulatory Nursing Care for Young Children Suffering from Febrile Convulsions 为患热性惊厥的幼儿提供流动护理服务
Azerbaijan Pharmaceutical and Pharmacotherapy J
Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.61336/appj/22-2-18
Mahdi Abed Neamah AL Musawi, Huda Shawky Mahmud
Background: Specialist ambulatory care Nursing is a complicated, diverse profession that includes solitary and group practice. Young children who experience febrile seizures, often known as fits or convulsions, are affected by fever. Aim: It aimed to assess ambulatory nursing care for young children suffering from febrile convulsions. Design: Descriptive research design is used. Sample: A convenient sample for all ambulatory nurses they were 100 nurses. Setting: Study conducted at all outpatient clinics at Central Children's Hospital, Al-zahrawi ( Ibn Al-Baladi.) Teaching hospital and Welfare children teaching hospital Two tools: 1st Structural interviewing questionnaire composed of two parts (demographic characteristics, ambulatory nurse knowledge about febrile convulsions), second tool: observation checklist of ambulatory nurse practice. Results: Regarding ambulatory nurses' knowledge about Febrile Convulsions, 65% of nurses have satisfactory knowledge, 35% of them have unsatisfactory knowledge regarding febrile convulsions, Also, 70% of nurses done practice, and 25.0% of them not done practice and 5% of them do not know regarding measurement young children body temperature under axillary, While, 65% of nurses done practice, and 20.0% of them not done practice and 15% of them do not know regarding the right way to make tap compresses and 70.0% of nurses done practice, and 20.0% of them not done practice and 10% of them do not know regarding the right way to give oxygen therapy. Conclusion: there was a positive relation between nurses' total knowledge and total practice regarding the right way to measure body temperature, the measurement of young children's temperature under axillary, and the right way to give oxygen therapy with statistical significance difference between nurses' knowledge and practice regarding febrile convulsions (p< 0.001). Recommendations: Continuous health education and training programs for the nurses about febrile convulsions.
背景：专科非住院护理护理是一个复杂、多样的职业，包括单独和集体实践。幼儿发热性惊厥通常被称为发作或抽搐，受发热影响。目的：旨在评估对发热惊厥幼儿的非住院护理。设计：采用描述性研究设计。样本：所有门诊护士的方便样本，共 100 名护士。研究地点研究在中央儿童医院、Al-zahrawi ( Ibn Al-Baladi.) 教学医院和福利儿童教学医院的所有门诊进行：第一种结构性访谈问卷由两部分组成（人口统计学特征、门诊护士对热性惊厥的认识），第二种工具：门诊护士实践观察核对表。结果关于门诊护士对发热性惊厥的了解，65%的护士对发热性惊厥的了解令人满意，35%的护士对发热性惊厥的了解令人不满意，此外，70%的护士进行了实践，25.0%的护士没有进行实践，5%的护士不知道如何测量腋下幼儿体温。同时，65%的护士进行了练习，20.0%的护士没有进行练习，15%的护士不知道正确的拍打热敷方法；70.0%的护士进行了练习，20.0%的护士没有进行练习，10%的护士不知道正确的氧疗方法。结论：护士对测量体温的正确方法、腋下测量幼儿体温的正确方法和给予氧疗的正确方法的总知识和总实践之间存在正相关，护士对热性惊厥的知识和实践之间的差异有统计学意义（P< 0.001）。建议对护士开展有关发热惊厥的持续健康教育和培训计划。
引用次数: 0
Linear Optical Properties of (NB Dye-PVP/AuNps) Nanocomposite NB 染料-PVP/AuNps）纳米复合材料的线性光学特性
Azerbaijan Pharmaceutical and Pharmacotherapy J
Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.61336/appj/22-2-42
Intehaa Abdullah Mohammad AL-Juboury, Saja Mohammed Hussein Ali, Bashaer A. Abdulkhudher, Murtadha R. Mohammed, Hala mohammed, Rajaa K. Khleif, Talib M. Abbas
In the present work, the optical properties of Nile blue dye dissolved in ethanol with different concentrations for three cases were studied. The first case is when the dissolved dye is pure. The second case is when the dye is added to the PVP polymer, and finally when gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are added to the (NB-PVP) blend. It was noticed that the absorption intensity increases with increasing concentrations. The results for the first case found its absorption intensity value (0.35). At the wavelength 655nm and a concentration of (0.5 mM) As for the absorption density for the second case (0.18) At the wavelength 655nm and the same concentration as well as the absorption density for the third case(0.12) at the wavelength 653nm a concentration of (0.5m M).
本研究对尼罗蓝染料溶解在不同浓度乙醇中的三种光学特性进行了研究。第一种情况是溶解的染料是纯的。第二种情况是在 PVP 聚合物中加入染料，最后一种情况是在（NB-PVP）混合物中加入金纳米粒子（AuNPs）。我们注意到，随着浓度的增加，吸收强度也在增加。第一种情况的吸收强度值为 0.35。波长为 655 纳米、浓度为 0.5 毫摩尔时，第二种情况的吸收密度为 0.18；波长为 655 纳米、浓度为 0.5 毫摩尔时，第三种情况的吸收密度为 0.12。
引用次数: 0
Formulation and Evaluation of Minoxidil Loaded Submicron Emulsion Based Topical Gel for Treatment of Alopecia 用于治疗脱发的米诺地尔亚微米乳液外用凝胶的配制与评估
Azerbaijan Pharmaceutical and Pharmacotherapy J
Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.61336/appj/22-2-35
J. Narang, R. Narang, Mehak
Introduction: Alopecia is a benign hair condition that causes reduced hair growth on the scalp and has afflicted populations worldwide. Aim: The present study is designed to formulate and characterize submicron emulsion-based topical gel containing an anti-hypertensive drug like minoxidil to overcome the adverse effects of conventional oral dosage forms & to provide an improved, targetted therapy for the treatment of alopecia. Methods: The minoxidil-loaded submicron emulsion was prepared by aqueous titration method using a suitable combination of Clove oil (oil phase), Tween 20 (surfactant), and Transcutol P (co-surfactant). Results: The maximum submicron emulsion area obtained after constructing pseudo-ternary phase diagrams was found in S(_{text{mix}}) ratio 4:1. The optimized submicron emulsion formulation (M5) exhibited a pH of 5.4 (pm) 0.17, in vitro release of 95.08 (pm) 0.36%, ex vivo permeation of 79.36 (pm) 0.18%, the particle size of 181.3nm with an uniform particle size distribution ((<1)) and optimum zeta potential (-8.80 mV). The optimized formulation (M5) was then converted to intogel formulation by adding different concentrations (1%, 1.5%, and 2% w/v) of gelling agents like Carbopol 934. Among them, M5(_{2 w/v}) was considered to be the optimized gel formulation based on different evaluation studies. The optimized submicron emulsion-based gel formulation also showed an inherited anti-oxidant potential and remained stable for three months at (4^{circ}). Conclusion: The minoxidil-loaded submicron emulsion-based topical gel formulation could be considered a beneficial nano-approach in contrast to other traditional topical dosage forms for treating alopecia.
介绍：脱发是一种良性毛发疾病，会导致头皮毛发生长减少，困扰着世界各地的人们。目的：本研究旨在配制含有米诺地尔等抗高血压药物的亚微米乳液型外用凝胶并对其进行表征，以克服传统口服剂型的不良反应，并为治疗脱发提供一种改进的靶向疗法。方法：使用丁香油（油相）、吐温 20（表面活性剂）和 Transcutol P（辅助表面活性剂）的适当组合，通过水滴定法制备米诺地尔亚微米乳液。结果：在构建伪三元相图后发现，S（_{text{mix}}）比为 4:1 时亚微米乳液面积最大。优化后的亚微米乳剂配方（M5）的pH值为5.4(pm) 0.17，体外释放率为95.08(pm) 0.36%，体内渗透率为79.36(pm) 0.18%，粒径为181.3nm，粒径分布均匀((<1))，最佳zeta电位（-8.80 mV）。然后，通过添加不同浓度（1%、1.5% 和 2% w/v）的胶凝剂（如 Carbopol 934），将优化配方（M5）转化为内凝胶配方。根据不同的评估研究，M5（_{2 w/v}/）被认为是最佳凝胶配方。优化后的亚微米乳液型凝胶配方还显示出了继承性的抗氧化潜力，并且在(4^{/circ})条件下保持了三个月的稳定性。结论是与其他治疗脱发的传统外用剂型相比，米诺地尔亚微米乳剂外用凝胶配方可被视为一种有益的纳米方法。
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Clotting Parameters in Pregnant Women with Placental Blood Clots: Impact of Patient Characteristics and Assessment of Clexane Efficacy 评估胎盘血栓孕妇的凝血参数：患者特征的影响和 Clexane 疗效评估
Azerbaijan Pharmaceutical and Pharmacotherapy J
Pub Date : 2023-12-31 DOI: 10.61336/appj/22-2-21
F. Irshaid, Razan Joma’a Alrdeat, Aisha Alshdefat, Bashar Irshaid, Ahmed Irshaid
Background: Clexane is used in pregnant women (PW) to minimize placental blood clotting (PBC) and fetal danger. Standard coagulation tests such as prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and international normalized ratio (INR) are critical for anticoagulant medication optimization. As a result, the study's goal was to evaluate the efficacy of clexane as well as adherence to the American Heart Association's recommended limits for routine coagulation tests. Methods: The study included forty normal PW as controls and forty PW with PBC as patients from Al-Mafraq Hospital in Jordan. Patients were administered daily subcutaneous injections of 40 mg of clexane as an anticoagulant, in conjunction with a daily 75 mg aspirin regimen. During the first trimester, 5 ml of venous blood were drawn from each participant. The PT, INR and APTT were measured. This assessment also considered variables including plasma fibrinogen concentration (PFC), age, body mass index (BMI), blood type, and fetal gender. Results: The mean age (pm) SD were 29.6 (pm) 6.2 for the patient group and 28.3 (pm) 5.9 years for the control group. The changes in PT, INR, APTT and PFC between the control and patient groups were statistically significant independent of mother's age, BMI, baby gender, or blood type. Patients displayed inadequate anticoagulation with an INR of 0.8, falling below the recommended therapeutic range of 2-3 for anticoagulant treatment. Surprisingly, by the end of the clinical study, all patients under investigation had safely delivered their babies without difficulties. Conclusion: The observed rise in fibrinogen levels among patients may contribute to PBC formation, necessitating further investigation. Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of a combined 40 mg Clexane and 75 mg aspirin regimen in PW from the Al-Mafraq region, Jordan, is warranted.
背景：Clexane用于孕妇（PW），以最大限度地减少胎盘血凝（PBC）和胎儿危险。凝血酶原时间（PT）、活化部分凝血活酶时间（APTT）和国际正常化比值（INR）等标准凝血测试对于抗凝药物的优化至关重要。因此，本研究的目标是评估 clexane 的疗效以及是否符合美国心脏协会推荐的常规凝血测试限制。研究方法研究对象包括约旦 Al-Mafraq 医院的 40 名正常 PW 对照组和 40 名 PBC 患者。患者每天皮下注射 40 毫克的氯已烷作为抗凝剂，同时每天服用 75 毫克的阿司匹林。在妊娠头三个月，每位患者抽取 5 毫升静脉血。测量 PT、INR 和 APTT。这项评估还考虑了血浆纤维蛋白原浓度（PFC）、年龄、体重指数（BMI）、血型和胎儿性别等变量。结果患者组的平均年龄（或）SD为29.6岁（或）6.2岁，对照组为28.3岁（或）5.9岁。对照组和患者组之间PT、INR、APTT和PFC的变化具有统计学意义，与母亲的年龄、体重指数、婴儿性别或血型无关。患者的抗凝能力不足，INR 为 0.8，低于建议的 2-3 抗凝治疗范围。令人惊讶的是，在临床研究结束时，所有接受调查的患者都顺利地安全分娩了。结论观察到的患者纤维蛋白原水平升高可能会导致 PBC 的形成，因此有必要进行进一步研究。有必要对约旦 Al-Mafraq 地区的 PW 使用 40 毫克 Clexane 和 75 毫克阿司匹林联合疗法的安全性和有效性进行评估。
引用次数: 0
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