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Optimization of water distribution networks using developed binary genetic algorithm and hydraulic model software
Javad Sarvarian
Journal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater, 2020
The optimal design of urban water distribution networks is a significant issue that has been of critical interest in the water industry for many years. The optimal design of the distribution network aims to find the best solution for transferring water from the reservoir to consumers at the lowest cost. In this study, optimization of the water distribution network (ZONE 1 of Ilam city, Iran) was performed using the fast messy genetic algorithms (FMGA) tool in the hydraulic model for three different pipe networks. Also, these networks were optimized by using a combination of EPANET and an in-house developed binary genetic algorithm in MATLAB. The costs of the optimized hydraulic networks of polyethylene and polypropylene pipes were lower, respectively, by 20.56 % and 52.94 % compared to the consulting company's original designs, while for the glass fiber reinforced plastic pipe (GRP) pipe network the cost increased by 12.61 %. Also, the results of a developed algorithm for polyethylene pipe decreased by 22.13 %.
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Optimization of installation and energy costs in water distribution systems with unknown flow directions
Esdras Carvalho
Blue-Green Systems
Water distribution networks (WDNs) are an important part of water distribution systems and are responsible for water transportation from the reservoirs to the demand nodes at adequate pressure and velocity. In the present paper, the synthesis of WDN is treated as an optimization problem with a mixed integer nonlinear programming formulation. The objective function to be minimized is the total network cost, considering installation and energy costs, with unknown flow directions, which is the novelty in the paper. Disjunctive programming and linearization techniques are used in the model formulation to avoid nonlinear and nonconvex problems. Two case studies are used to test the model's applicability. Results show that operational costs can represent a significant part of the total cost in sustainable networks. In the first case study, the total cost was better than the literature results (US$ 2,272,538.85 vs. US$ 2,272,387.49) and the operational costs represent ¼ of the total WD...
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Optimization of Water Distribution Networks Using Genetic Algorithm Based SOP–WDN Program
Uchit Sangroula
Water, 2022
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY
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Evolutionary algorithms, swarm intelligence methods, and their applications in water resources engineering: a state-of-the-art review
Janga Reddy Manne
H2Open Journal, 2020
During the last three decades, the water resources engineering field has received a tremendous increase in the development and use of meta-heuristic algorithms like evolutionary algorithms (EA) and swarm intelligence (SI) algorithms for solving various kinds of optimization problems. The efficient design and operation of water resource systems is a challenging task and requires solutions through optimization. Further, real-life water resource management problems may involve several complexities like nonconvex, nonlinear and discontinuous functions, discrete variables, a large number of equality and inequality constraints, and often associated with multi-modal solutions. The objective function is not known analytically, and the conventional methods may face difficulties in finding optimal solutions. The issues lead to the development of various types of heuristic and meta-heuristic algorithms, which proved to be flexible and potential tools for solving several complex water resources...
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Optimal Design and Rehabilitation of Water Distribution Networks Using Genetic Algorithms
Dr. Mohamed Shamrukh
2010
Water distribution system (WDS) is an essential co mp nent of the entire water supply systems. It represents a vital component of the urb an infrastructures that requires significant investment. The basic hydraulic equatio ns describing any WDS are non-linear algebraic equations which must be solved iterativel y. Genetic algorithms (GA) are currently one of the state-of-the-art techniques for the opti mization of engineering systems including water network design and rehabilitation. They are c apable of finding near optimal cost solutions to these problems given certain cost and hydraulic parameters. In this study, an anonymous WDS in Egypt has been selected and designed/rehabilitated using GA under deterministic conditions as single objective and as multi-objective problem. The obtained solutions were compared to the results obtained from the ordinary design using non-optimal methods. Results indicated that GA capable of obtaining a robust WDS with least cost. Multiobjective soluti...
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Multi-objective optimization of water distribution networks using particle swarm optimization
diogo macowski
2021
Most applied optimization problems involve several objectives, which must be solved simultaneously within a set of constraints. When conflicting objectives exist, there is no single solution to be chosen as the best one, but a set of optimal solutions to the problem. When the decision variables are discrete, the complexity of the problem increases even further. In the present work, a multi-objective model is presented to solve the problem of water distribution network optimization with discrete variables. The problem has a mixed discrete nonlinear programming formulation. A new algorithm based on particle swarm optimization is proposed in order to solve the model. Hydraulic simulator EPANET v2.1 is used to calculate the pressure at each node and flow velocity of water in each pipe. Two problems from the literature are studied, having as objectives the minimization of pipeline installation costs and the minimization of pumping energy costs for the system. Through the weighted sum method, the problems of WDN were solved. The proposed algorithm is verified to be efficient, with equal or better results than those found in the literature.
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jHawanet: An Open-Source Project for the Implementation and Assessment of Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms on Water Distribution Networks
Yami Salgue
Water
Efficient design and management of water distribution networks is critical for conservation of water resources and minimization of both energy requirements and maintenance costs. Several computational routines have been proposed for the optimization of operational parameters that govern such networks. In particular, multi-objective evolutionary algorithms have proven to be useful both properly describing a network and optimizing its performance. Despite these computational advances, practical implementation of multi-objective optimization algorithms for water networks is an abstruse subject for researchers and engineers, particularly since efficient coupling between multi-objective algorithms and the hydraulic network model is required. Further, even if the coupling is successfully implemented, selecting the proper set of multi-objective algorithms for a given network, and addressing the quality of the obtained results (i.e., the approximate Pareto frontier) introduces additional co...
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Optimal Placement and Operation of Chlorine Booster Stations: A Multi-Level Optimization Approach
Helena M. Ramos
Energies, 2021
Chlorine demand as a disinfectant for water utility impacts on unintended energy consumption from electrolysis manufacture; thus, diminishing the chlorine consumption also reduces the environmental impact and energy consumption. Problems of disinfectant distribution and uniformity in Water Distribution Networks (WDN) are associated with the exponential urban growth and the physical and biochemical difficulties within the network. This study optimizes Chlorine Booster Stations (CBS) location on a network with two main objectives; (1) to deliver minimal Free Residual Chlorine (FRC) throughout all demand nodes according to country regulations, and (2) to reduce day chlorine mass concentration supplied in the system by applying an hour time pattern in CBS, consequently associated economic, energy and environmental impacts complying with regulatory standards. The application is demonstrated on a real-world WDN modeled from Guanajuato, Mexico. The resulting optimal location and disinfecta...
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State of the Art Review of Ant Colony Optimization Applications in Water Resource Management
Amin Afshar
Water Resources Management, 2015
Among the emerged metaheuristic optimization techniques, ant colony optimization (ACO) has received considerable attentions in water resources and environmental planning and management during last decade. Different versions of ACO have proved to be flexible and powerful in solving number of spatially and temporally complex water resources problems in discrete and continuous domains with single and/or multiple objectives. Reviewing large number of peer reviewed journal papers and few valuable conference papers, we intend to touch the characteristics of ant algorithms and critically review their state-of-the-art applications in water resources and environmental management problems, both in discrete and continuous domains. The paper seeks to promote Opportunities, advantages and disadvantages of the algorithm as applied to different areas of water resources problems both in research and practice. It also intends to identify and present the major and seminal contributions of ant algorithms and their findings in organized areas of reservoir operation and surface water management, water distribution systems, urban drainage and sewer systems, groundwater managements, environmental and watershed management. Current trends and challenges in ACO algorithms are discussed and called for increased attempts to carry out convergence analysis as an active area of interest.
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Energy saving and management of water pumping networks
Abdelazeem A Abdelsalam
Heliyon, 2021
The main consumption of energy in water systems is the pumps. Due to the different tariff of energy consumption during the one day, the operation of these pumps should be controlled to minimize their consumption and consequently decrease the cost of operation. This paper utilizes an optimization algorithm to control the on/off operation of water pumps to minimize the cost of energy consumption and number of pump switching of water networks. This objective function is subjected to some optimization and hydraulic constraints such as the tanks upper and lower limits, and water network pressure limit. The proposed methodology is an iterative combination process between an optimization algorithm and EPANet hydraulic simulator where optimization algorithm generates the schedules and the hydraulic simulator is used to check the feasibility of these schedules. The suggested optimization method is the artificial electric field algorithm (AEFA). This methodology is applied to three water networks; EPANet practical example network, Richmond network and a part from Toronto network with a variable energy consumption tariff. The AEFA is tested and trained to select the best values of its controlling parameters for each network. The results show that the energy consumption cost is significantly decreased by the optimal schedules of water pumps. Also AEFA is compared with other optimization algorithms such as the genetic and particle swarm algorithms on the same networks and energy tariff and the results show the superiority of AEFA in the convergence and saving of the cost of energy consumption.
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